Multilayer Protective Polymeric Coatings: Providing for Their Continuity

V. A. Golovin

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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Received October 11, 2005

Abstract - It has been shown that, owing to the application of a multilayer design (construction) and the correct choice of technology and materials, the following results on enhancement of the continuity of polymeric protective coatings (PCs) may be achieved: (1) a reduction in the technological defectiveness to a preassigned level due to overlapping of flaws, even at a high specific defectiveness of the materials used in the PC layers; (2) an increase in the resistance to cracking of rigid PC layers and hard substrates because of the redistribution of internal stresses in the substrate–multilayer PC system; and (3) an enhancement in PC resistance to cracking on the opening-up of a crack in the substrate under tension or bending.

Comparative Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Platinum-Based Nanosized Cathodic Catalysts for Fuel Cells

M. R. Tarasevich, V. A. Bogdanovskaya, E. N. Loubnin, and L. A. Reznikova

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

Received May 10, 2006

Abstract — The corrosion behavior of nanosized catalysts, in particular, of the commercial platinum catalyst and of PtCo synthesized on a XC72 carbon black carrier, are compared. Using electrochemical and structural research methods, it is shown that, under comparable conditions of the corrosion treatment, the PtCo/C system is less liable to degradation caused by the dissolution or aggregation of the catalyst particles.

Chemical Processes during the Heat Treatment of Basalt Fibers

A. V. Knot’ko^{a, b}, A. V. Garshev^b, I. V. Davydova^b, V. I. Putlyaev^b,
V. K. Ivanov^a, and Yu. D. Tret’yakov^{a, b}

^a Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 117907 Russia

^b Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119899 Russia

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Received November 21, 2006

Abstract — It has been established that, during the heat treatment of an unsubmixed (unsub-blended) glass (with the contents of Ca and Mg, corresponding to the natural basalt) at the first stage of the oxidation process, magnetic nanoparticles (>20 nm according to the transmission electron microscopy data) of (Mg, Fe)₃O₄ are formed in a nonmagnetic glassy matrix (that is, the oxidation proceeds as internal reaction), followed by the crystallization of alumosilicate phases. In the glasses enriched in CaO, such a crystallization occurs simultaneously with the evolution of the spinel phase. An analysis of the distribution of cations over the fiber cross section has demonstrated that annealing under oxidative conditions is conducive to an increase at the surface of fibers in the concentration of Ca in the case of utilizing an unsubmixed material and that of Na in the case of the glass with a higher content of CaO. The long-term annealing of the nanocomposite at the temperatures of its production results (according to the measurement data of magnetic properties) in the interaction of a part of the formed (Mg, Fe)₃O₄ with the alumosilicate matrix.

Composite Nonmetallic Reinforcement for Construction Structures

V. F. Stepanova^a, G. M. Krasovskaya^a, S. V. Shakhov^b, and V. V. Belenchuk^c

^a Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete, Moscow, Russia

^b OOO ASP, Perm’, Russia

^c OOO MBA-Proekt, Perm’, Russia
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Received January 10, 2006

Abstract — Advances in the use of fiberglass and basalt-plastic reinforcement are reviewed. Physical engineering and corrosion properties of basalt-plastic reinforcement produced according to different technologies are studied. Prospects for the use of composite nonmetallic reinforcement are outlined.

Microbiological Corrosion and Measures to Protect Against Such Corrosion Part VI. Corrosion of Copper in the Marine Atmosphere: A Technique¹

A. A. Gerasimenko, G. V. Matyusha, and L. M. Petrova

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Received October 19, 2006

Abstract — A technique is developed to enable one to study in a sufficiently objective way the processes of the microbiological corrosion of copper and its alloys in the marine atmosphere. This technique is recommended for diagnosing and forecasting corrosion processes in real conditions for the storage and transportation of products.

Methods and Setups for Corrosion Testing in Moving Media and under Heat Exchange Conditions: 4. Crevice Corrosion¹

V. S. Pakhomov

Moscow State University of Engineering Ecology, Moscow, Russia

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Received March 28, 2006

Abstract — The possibilities offered by various setups for the investigation of crevice corrosion are considered. It is pointed out that the setups with rotating electrodes, despite their ability to create controlled hydrodynamic and heat exchange conditions, are not suited for studying crevice corrosion because of the forced removal of a medium from the crevice under the action of centrifugal forces. The design of a setup free of this disadvantage is proposed, which employs a combination of rotating and immobile disks.

Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Interaction ith Plasma-Facing Materials of Thermonuclear Facilities

V. Kh. Alimov, A. E. Gorodetsky, R. Kh. Zalavutdinov, A. P. Zakharov, and V. M. Sharapov

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry,

Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia

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Received March 10, 2007

PACS numbers: 28.52.Fa, 52.77.Dg

Effect of the Reaction Series of Hydroxyazomethine and Chloride Anions of Variable Concentrationson the Passivation Currents of Nickel

S. P. Shpan’ko*, V. P. Grigor’ev*, O. V. Dymnikova*, and A. S. Burlov**

* Rostov State University, ul. Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia

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** Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Rostov State University,
pr. Stachki 94/3, Rostov-on-Don, 344104 Russia

Received June 10, 2006

Abstract — Nickel passivation in 1 M H₂SO₄ in the presence of hydroxyazomethine derivatives (C = const) and chloride anions in variable concentrations was studied. Plots of the Ni passivation current vs. showed symbatic and antibatic changes, depending on the chloride concentration range. The results obtained were inter-preted in terms of the Linear Gibbs Energy Relation (LGER).

PACS number: 82.45.Bb, 81.65.Rv

Kinetics and Mechanism of the DischargeIonization of Manganese in an Ammonium Chloride Solution

L. F. Kozin, N. V. Mashkova, and F. D. Manilevich

V.I. Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,

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Received May 10, 2006

Abstract — Analysis of the cathodic and anodic polarization curves recorded on manganese in a 2.0 M MnCl₂ + 2.0 NH₄Cl solution (pH 5.5 0.1 and t = 18 to 60C) reveals the multistage character of the discharge–ionization of manganese in such a solution involving the formation of intermediate particles. The subsequent transformation of particles proceeds via either the electrochemical redox reaction or disproportionation. The inflection points in the cathodic polarization curves originate seemingly from the change in the surface charge of the electrode on passing the zero potential.

PACS numbers: 82.45.Hk; 82.45.Qr

OxidePhosphate Layers with Zirconium Compounds on Titanium

V. S. Rudnev, K. N. Kilin, P. M. Nedozorov, A. Yu. Ustinov, T. P. Yarovaya, and T. A. Kaidalova

Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159,
Vladivostok, 690022 Russia

Received August 11, 2006

Abstract — Layers of titanium and zirconium oxides and phosphates can be formed on the titanium surface in the aqueous baths containing polyphosphates and Zr(SO₄)₂ · 4H₂O by the plasma-electrolytic method. The elemental and phase composition and the thickness of films, as well as the mechanism of their formation, depend on the molar ratio n = [polyphosphate]/[Zr⁴⁺] in the bath. A multilayer mechanism of the film growth is described. Layers containing crystalline ZrO₂ or ZrP₂O₇ are obtained. Their annealing in air at 800 results in the crystallization and the formation of certain phosphates depending, e. g., on the ratio n in the bath, TiP₂O₇, Ti_0.8Zr_0.2P₂₇, NaZr₂(PO₄)₃ are formed. According to the ESCA data, the films contain carbon in low oxidation degrees. In deep layers, the presence of titanium and phosphorus in the oxidation degrees lower than +4 and +5, respectively, is observed.

PACS numbers: 82.45.Cc, 81.15.Pq