Electrochemical Behavior of Cobalt and Electroplating of CobaltMolybdenum (Tungsten) Alloys from Oxide Melts

V. V. Malyshev

National Ukrainian University of Technology “Kiev Polytechnical Institute”, pr. Pobedy 37 / 4, Kiev-56, 03056 Ukraine

Open International University “Ukraine”, Kiev, ul. Khoriva, 1g, 04071 Ukraine

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Received March 19, 2007

Abstract — Electrochemical behavior of cobalt in a tungstate melt, as well as the effect of electrolysis conditions on the composition and structure of cobalt–molybdenum (tungsten) alloy deposits from tungstate–molybdate melts is studied. With a decrease in the concentration of cobalt and an increase in the concentration of molybdenum (tungsten) in the melt, the phase composition of cathodic deposits is shown to change from individual cobalt to individual molybdenum (tungsten) via a series of cobalt–molybdenum (tungsten) alloys of var-ious compositions.

Synthesis and Properties of Zinc Nanoparticles: The Role and Prospects of Radiation Chemistry in the Development of Modern Nanotechnology

A. A. Revina*, E. V. Oksentyuk**, and A. A. Fenin**

*Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

**Mendeleev University of Chemical Engineering, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047 Russia

Received April 20, 2007

Abstract — Zinc-containing nanoparticles stable in the liquid phase are synthesized by the radiation chemical reduction of zinc ions in solutions of inverse micelles. The effects of the absorbed radiation dose and the size of the micelle water pool on the spectral characteristics of samples are studied. The HPLC and electron micros-copy results indicate that the composition of nanoparticles synthesized depends on the salt nature.

Structural Characteristics and Catalytic Activities of Nanocrystalline Ni-Mo-B Coatings Obtained by Catalytic Electroless Reduction

V. M. Krutskikh, M. V. Ivanov, A. B. Drovosekov, E. N. Lubnin,
B. F. Lyakhov, and Yu. M. Polukarov

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received April 5, 2007

Abstract — The structures, chemical states of elements, and catalytic activities of Ni-Mo-B alloys with different molybdenum contents, which were obtained by catalytic electroless reduction of metal ions, were studied. The rates of the partial reactions (heterogeneous hydrolysis of dimethylamine borane, reduction of nickel ions, and evolution of molecular hydrogen) were found to make a bell-shaped curve when plotted versus the concentration of molybdate ions in solution.

PACS numbers: 81.07.Bc, 82.45.Jn

MetalOxide Heterophase Structures Formed at Low Temperature Activation of Iron. 2. IR Spectroscopy

V. A. Kotenev, N. P. Sokolova, A. M. Gorbunov, and A. Yu. Tsivadze

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

Received April 20, 2007

Abstract — Low-temperature activation of iron is observed during its isothermal oxidation at a temperature of 300 and an oxygen pressure of 10² Torr. A 1-h treatment provides the maximum gain in the oxide layer thickness for this oxygen pressure. According to IR spectroscopic data, the amount of F₃O₄ in the oxide reaches the maximum in the oxygen pressure interval from 10³ to 10² Torr and decreases with a further increase in the oxygen pressure. In contrast, the haematite content increases with an increase in the oxygen pressure. In the latter case, first, the content of the -F₂₃ phase increases to reach its maximum at pressures from  5 10³ to 10² Torr, while the phase of haematite -F₂₃ appears at 0.1 Torr. This confirms the earlier assumption that the haematite islets layer plays the decisive roles in the low-temperature activation and the active–passive transition of iron.

PACS numbers: 81.07.-b

Corrosion Resistances of Stressed Building Structures Made of Aluminum Alloys

V. S. Sinyavskii and V. D. Kalinin

OAO All-Russia Institute of Light Alloys, ul. Gorbunova 2, Moscow, 121596 Russia

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Received September 22,2006

PACS number: 81.65.Kn, 81.40.Np

Peculiarities of the Inhibiting Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Corrosion of Aluminum in Hydrochloric Solutions

V. V. Bartenev* and O. I. Barteneva**

* South Federal University, Rostov State University, ul. Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don, 344007 Russia

** South Federal University, Research Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry,
pr. Stachki, 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia

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Received May 10, 2006

Abstract — The concentration effect of cadmium chloride on the corrosion rate of aluminum under conditions of the contact deposition of cadmium in hydrochloric acid solutions is studied. At changes in the contact deposition rate of the metal, in the surface area of the cadmium deposit, and the character of the deposits formed, the inhibiting effect of cadmium cations is shown to transform into the stimulating effect with an increase in the cadmium concentration in the solution. The reasons for the nonmonotonic character of the concentration dependence of the corrosion rate of aluminum are discussed.

A New Inhibitor of Steel Corrosion in Sufuric Acid

Ya. G. Avdeev^a, P. A. Belinskii^a, Yu. I. Kuznetsov^b, and O. O. Zel’^b

^a Tsiolkovskii State Pedagogical University, ul. Stepana Razina 26, Kaluga, 248023 Russia

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^b Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received November 23, 2006

Abstract — A new effective inhibitor of steel corrosion in sulfuric acid, QAS-K1, from the class of quaternary ammonium salts was developed. The effects of the new inhibitor on corrosion of St3 steel in 2 M H₂SO₄ were studied by gravimetry at 25 and 60C. In the individual state, QAS-K1 proved to be more effective than the industrial inhibitor catamine AB from a similar class. Anionic (5.0 mmol/l KI, 50.0 mmol/l KBr, and 5.0 mmol/l KCNS) and molecular (0.44 mmol/l diphenylthiourea (DPTU) and 0.60 mmol/l captax) additions increased the efficiency of the new inhibitor. QAS-K1 in mixtures with KI, KBr, DPTU, and captax appeared to be more effective in hindering steel corrosion in H₂SO₄ than similar mixtures based on catamine AB and tribenzyletha-nolammonium chloride. Mixtures based on QAS-K1 show a predominantly antagonistic action of the compo-nents.

Determining Some Structure-Sensitive Characteristics of Nano-Sized Anodic Ag(I) Oxide from Photopotential Spectroscopy

D. A. Kudryashov, S. N. Grushevskaya, and A. V. Vvedenskii

Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia

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Received December 1, 2006

Abstract — A relatively simple device involving a set of LEDs and a digital processing of the signal is developed for in situ photopotential and photocurrent spectroscopy of thin semiconductors including oxide films under conditions of discretely changed light wavelength. Decreases in the electrode potential and photopotential of Ag(I) oxide with time upon the anodic effect are shown to obey different kinetic regularities, namely, logarithmic and exponential respectively. Photopotential measurements revealed n-type conductivity in thin (6 to 22 nm) semiconductor Ag₂O films potentiostatically formed on either poly or monocrystalline silver (111) with a band gap of 3.1 eV. The structural disordering of the oxide is minimum at a potential of 0.490 V, which corresponds to nearly a midpoint of the anodic peak shoulder of the voltammogram. The concentration of donor defects in an Ag₂O film grown on a “smooth” polycrystalline silver is lower than that on an ultrafine-dispersed silver, but higher than on Ag(111) monocrystal. A linear dependence of the photoresponse on the light beam power is found, and the spectral dependence of the photopotential is discussed. The photopotential dependence on the film thickness, as well as crystalline and microstructural state of the silver surface means that the photoresponse is determined by the bulk rather than superficial electronic states, and the film thickness is smaller than the Debye shielding length.

PACS numbers: 73.50.Pz, 81.07.-b, 82.45.Cc

Chemical Crystallization of Diamond and the Diamond Coating Deposition from Gas Phase

B. V. Spitsyn and A. E. Alexenko

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received February 25, 2007

Abstract — A radically new synthetic method, called the diamond chemical crystallization from gas phase, is described; the credit of its development is due to Russian researchers. The steps in its development and principal results of the studies in the diamond chemical crystallization and diamond coating deposition from gas phase are outlined.

Ion-Induced Beryllium Oxidation

R. Kh. Zalavutdinov, V. Kh. Alimov, A. E. Gorodetsky, and A. P. Zakharov

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received March 3, 2007

Abstract — Ion-induced beryllium oxidation under the irradiation with deuterium ions with an energy of 3 keV at 300 and 700 K is studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry, electrone probe microanalysis, and reflected high-energy electron diffraction. It is shown that the irradiation in vacuum, with subsequent exposure to air (5days, 300 K) or oxygen (30 min, 1 10^-1 Pa) at the irradiation temperature, resulted in an increase in the oxygen content in beryllium. When beryllium is irradiated in oxygen atmosphere (1 10^-5-1 10^-3 Pa), the early stages of the accelerated formation of oxide film is associated with the effect of the ion compartment chamber incorporation of oxygen prechemisorbed at the metal outer surface. After long-term irradiation, the elevated oxygen content in the metal and the formation of relatively bulky beryllium oxide film is due to the development of open porosity.