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(11/10) Ученые из ИФХЭ РАН и МГУ под руководством Ольги Виноградовой поняли, как «полосатая» гидрофобность..
   Ученые из ИФХЭ РАН и МГУ под руководством Ольги Виноградовой поняли, как «полосатая» гидрофобность меняет течение жидкости     ...
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(11/10) Ученые обнаружили пути проникновения вирусов гриппа и ВИЧ в организм
Ученые ИФХЭ РАН, НИТУ МИСиС, МФТИ и ряда других российских научных организаций изучили и описали би...
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(17/04) Курс “Анализ геномных данных”, Москва, 2 – 11 июля 2012
Уважаемые коллеги, Со 2 по 11 июля 2012 года Учебный центр Института биологии гена РАН организует практический десятидневный курс по статистическому анализу геномных дан...
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(12/03) Впервые получено изображение атомов, движущихся в молекуле
Исследователи из Университетов Огайо и Канзаса впервые смогли получить изображения атомов, движущихся в молекуле. С помощью ультрабыстрого лазера исследователи выбивали элек...
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Результаты 31 - 40 из 101
31.

Atomic-Topographic Model of the Electrochemical Dissolution of a Solid Metal Taking into Account the Effect of Point Lattice Defects

Yu. V. Alekseeva,b, G. Yu. Alekseevb, and I. Yu. Alekseevc

 

a Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Vorontsovo Pole 10, Moscow, 103064 Russia;

b Institute of High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow, 127412 Russia

c Research Institute of Precision Instruments, ul. Dekabristov 51, Moscow, 127490 Russia

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Received July 20, 2006

 

Abstract — A topokinetic model of a dissolving solid metal containing point defects, that is, either admixture atoms of a substantially more lowly or highly corrosion-resistant metal or the crystal lattice vacancies, is proposed. The model takes into account the mutual consistency of the atomic relief and the dissolution rate. Similarly to a defect-free crystal, the steady-state dissolution rate is determined by the elementary acts of transferring the base atoms to solution from step kinks whose amount substantially depends on the concentration of the point defects.

PACS numbers: 82.45.Jn; 82.45.Qr

 

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050049
03/09/2008 | 1234 Посещения | Печать

32.

Heterophase Metalframe0Oxide Structures Formed in a Range of Low-Temperature Activation of Iron. 1. 3D-Video-Microprobing Reflectometry

V. A. Kotenev and A. Yu. Tsivadze

 

Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received January 26, 2007

 

Abstract — Investigation of the morphology and composition of a nonuniform layer formed on the iron surface upon an hour of oxidation at an oxygen pressure of 0.001 to 10 mmHg and a temperature of 300frame1frame2 is carried out. Computer digital optical images of a small probed surface site upon digital processing enable us to introduce and estimate parameters of the morphological heterogeneity of the surface thermo-oxide layer, which affect its functional characteristics. By the data of morphological investigations (3D probe), the oxide layer has a heterogeneous multilayer structure and consists of a magnetite phase layer adjacent to the metal and an external hematite microcrystalline layer. At an increase in the oxygen pressure from 0.1 to 10 mmHg, -Fe2O3 plates grow on the magnetite surface and gradually cover the whole surface forming a closely packed structure. In this case, the external oxide layer is composed of thin hematite microplates separated with clearly seen nano-size intergranular domains characterized by a high superficial micro-order and nano-heterogeneity in the oxide depth, which may explain pronounced functional, semiconducting, catalytic, and sensor properties, as well as the heightened reactivity of iron and its alloy oxidized in the range of a low-temperature activation.

 

PACS numbers: 82.45Yz; 07.05.Fb

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050050
03/09/2008 | 1189 Посещения | Печать

33.

A New Type of Polymerframe0Polymer PVC Systems with Surface Layers Converted into Hydroxyethylcyclam Nanofilms of the Type "Hard Coating on Soft Substrate"

A. Ya. Fridman, E. M. Morozova, A. Yu. Tsivadze, N. P. Sokolova, I. I. Bardyshev, A. M. Gorbunov, and O. P. Shapokhina

 

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received March 3, 2007

 

Abstract—With the aim of classifying PVC materials in which surface layers are converted into interpenetrated network cyclam nanofilms among polymer–polymer systems, comparative studies of their properties were carried out with consideration for the specific conditions for the preparation of the material. The density and structures of near-surface layers, the bulk ratio of the ordered and disordered forms, the dynamics of swelling in water, and the effective partial volume occupied by water molecules were studied for PVC plates prior to and after hydrothermal treatment. The conversion of the surface layers changes the structural self-organization of PVC: the polymer structure becomes more compact and ordered both in the area adjacent to the nanofilm and in the polymer bulk, which is characteristic of systems of the type “hard coating on soft substrate”.

 

PACS numbers: 47.55.dk; 61.46.w

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050062
03/09/2008 | 1290 Посещения | Печать

34.

Electrodeposition of Nickelframe0Molybdenum Alloys from Ammonium Citrate Baths Containing Intermediate  Valence Molybdenum Compounds

M. P. Pavlov, N. V. Morozova, and V. N. Kudryavtsev

 

Mendeleev University of Chemical Engineering, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047 Russia

Received September 20, 2006

 

Abstract — Electrodeposition of a Ni–Mo alloy under different electrolysis conditions, such as pH and temperature from ammonium citrate baths containing intermediate-valence molybdenum compounds is studied. The effect of differing molybdenum compounds (oxidation degrees of +6, +5, and +3) on the alloy formation makes possible controlling the alloy composition and the current efficiency, by varying the concentration ratio of molybdenum in different states of the oxidation. The prospects for the formation of deposits of adequate quality (compact, with no edge effects) with the current efficiency of nearly 80% are demonstrated.

 

PACS numbers: 68.35.Ct; 81.15.Pq; 82.47.–a

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050074
03/09/2008 | 1286 Посещения | Печать

35.

Thermal Behavior of an Oxide Layer on Aluminum

V. S. Rudneva, A. E. Lysenkoa, P. M. Nedozorova, T. P. Yarovayaa, and A. N. Minaevb

 

a Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia

b Kuibyshev Far East State Technical University, Vladivostok, Russia

Received June 15, 2006

 

Abstract — Films 16 to 17 m thick were obtained on the #AMg5 alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an orthophosphate–borate electrolyte. Air annealing at 250, 300, 400, and 500°C for 4 h did not affect the thickness, weight, and the elemental composition of the resulting films. The contact angle for water changed from 75° to zero. In a temperature range from 250 to 300°C, the content of the crystalline -Al2O3 phase jumped. Above 300frame0C, the film surface cracked and became less resistant to corrosion. PACS numbers: 68.35.Ct

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050086
03/09/2008 | 1410 Посещения | Печать

36.

Pitting on Passive Metals

I. I. Zamaletdinov

 

Perm State Technical University, Komsomol’skii pr. 29a, Perm, 614600 Russia

Received May 30, 2005

 

Abstract — Certain experimental results on the composition of passive films that affect the pit formation on metals and alloys are discussed. Information on the appearance of metastable and stable pits and their stability conditions is summarized. Pitting corrosion theories are compared.

PACS numbers: 82.45.Bb

 

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050098
03/09/2008 | 1374 Посещения | Печать

37.

The Rhodanine Inhibition Effect on the Corrosion of a Mild Steel in Acid Along the Exposure Time

R. Solmaz, G. Kardaframe0, B. Yaz1c1, and M. Erbil

 

Cukurova University, Science and Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, Adana, Turkey

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Received March 02, 2006

 

Abstract — The corrosion performance of a mild steel (MS) exposed to a 0.5 M HCl solution with various concentrations of Rhodanine (Rh) was studied by means of anodic and cathodic voltammetric curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. Rh makes the corrosion of MS in HCl solution decelerate with the exposure time so as to reach a protective value of more than 99% in 168 h. The adsorption of Rh molecules on the MS obeys Langmiur adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters, adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), and standard free energy of adsorption (frame1) were calculated and discussed. The high inhibition efficiency was discussed in terms of blockading the metal surface by the Rh molecules strongly adsorbing witch their active centers and thus forming a sufficiently effective protective film.

Keywords: Rhodanine, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR),
Mild Steel, Corrosion.

PACS numbers: 81.65.Kn; 82.45.Bb.

 

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050104
03/09/2008 | 1515 Посещения | Печать

38.

Titanium Interaction with Hydroxide-Salt Melts

O. G. Zarubitskii, B. F. Dmitruk, and N. F. Zakharchenko

 

Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademika Palladina 32/34, Kiev-142, 03680 Ukraine

Received December 8, 2005

 

Abstract — The reaction of titanium with fused mixtures based on sodium hydroxide and various salts (sodium nitrate and nitrite, sodium and potassium chlorides, sodium orthophosphate, sodium meta- and orthotitanates, potassium oxyfluoride and hexafluorotitanate) is studied. The mechanism of inhibiting the corrosion of the studied metal in ionic melts that involve oxidants and titanium salts is discussed.

Keywords: titanium, hydroxide–salt melts, corrosion

PACS numbers: 81.65.Kn; 82.45.Bb.

 

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050116
03/09/2008 | 1504 Посещения | Печать

39.

Scanner-Assisted Quantitative Reflectometry in the Checking of Corrosion-Electrochemical Systems

V. A. Kotenev

 

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received March 3, 2007

 

Abstract — The described method for the study of the metal–electrolyte interface combines videoreflectometric and electrochemical measurements. Scanned digital optical images of a surface area in an electrolyte solution made it possible to examine a 3D structure of spatially heterogeneous surface layers composed of dissolution products of metals and alloys in liquids. Parallel electrochemical measurements allowed one to monitor the anodic and cathodic processes during the dissolution of specimens. The combined method was found to be highly sensitive to thin heterogeneous near-electrode layers, provide highly efficient corrosion checking of long specimens, and allow parallel studies of a large number of specimens. The method was tested in the in situ checking of the microtopography of a layer of products formed in the dissolution of a Cu–Ni alloy in a solution of NaCl.

 

PACS numbers: 82.45.Jn; 07.05.Fb

DOI: 10.1134/S0033173207050128
03/09/2008 | 1254 Посещения | Печать

40.

To the Tafel Slopes at the Anodic Dissolution of Iron in Sulfuric Electrolytes

Yu. P. Vishnevskaya, D. A. Tkalenko, M. V. Byk, and V. A. Rupp

 

National Technical University of Ukraine (KPI), pr. Pobedy 37, Kiev-56, 03056 Ukraine

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Received March 21, 2007

 

Abstract — Based on the hypothesis of the reversibility of an iron electrode, one can relatively easily explain the experimentally obtained Tafel slopes without multistage complex schemes involving hypothetic intermediate iron hydroxo compounds. On the other hand, the coincidence of the experimental slope with the slope following from the relation derived may be considered as a proof of the reversibility of the iron electrode. The Tafel slope is reproducible both on the clean and partially passivated iron surface.

PACS numbers: 82.45.Bb

 

DOI: 10.1134/S003317320705013X
03/09/2008 | 1269 Посещения | Печать

  

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