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ESTM Study of Nanostructure and Surface Energetic Properties of Individual Chromium and Nickel Yu. M. Stryuchkova and E. V. Kasatkin Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia e-mail:
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Received July 29, 2008 Abstract — Individual chromium and nickel in air and at interfaces to 0.01 N HCl and 0.1 N H2SO4 solutions are studied with the use of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ESTM) and electrochemical scanning tunneling spectroscopy (ESTS) at the controlled potentials of the specimen and tip. The potential range of chromium specimens was 0.1 to 0.9 V in 0.01 N HCl and 0.3 to 1.1 V in 0.1 N H2SO4; the potential range of nickel was –0.01 to 0.64 V in 0.01 N HCl and 0.184 to 0.834 V (N.H.E.) in 0.1 N H2SO4. At the controlled potential, the surfaces in the studied acid solutions are smoother than in air. The potential of the specimen affects the electrophysical properties, which determine the electron tunneling transfer, more noticeably than the nanorelief of the metals. The obtained changes in the It,dZ spectra dependence on the distance in air on a field of 1 nm2 at a step of 0.04 nm enabled us to estimate the effective barrier of tunneling Kef between neighbor atoms, which is in good agreement with the known dependence of Kef on the work function. PACS numbers: 68.37.Ef, 81.07.-b DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050116
21/10/2009 | 648 Посещения | Печать
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12.
Effect of the Composition of Water-Acetone Solvent and Benzhydrazine Structure on Their Efficiency During Cadmium Electrodeposition from Perchlorate Media V. V. Kuznetsov, L. M. Skibina, R. R. Khalikov, and M. A. Yakusheva South Federal University, ul. Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia Chemistry Department, Electrochemistry Subdepartment e-mail:
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Received June 28, 2007 Abstract — The feasibility of controlling the degree of retardation of a cathodic process by changing the ratio of the components in the liquid phase and nature of electron shifts in additive molecule (benzhydrazine) is discussed. The minimum electrode reaction rate is observed in a range of water structure stabilization under conditions of the predominant adsorption of organic molecules. The highest efficiency are achieved using an addiive with an electron-donating substituent in the molecule. The highest rate of the electroreduction of Cd2+ and the lowest efficiency of the additives are registered in the region of the loosening of the structure of the mixed solvent, causing selective ion solvation to become possible, which results in an abrupt increase in the adsorption activity of ClO4– anions on the cathode and is the main reason for the ’ effect during the electroreduction of metal ions. PACS numbers: 81.15.Pq DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050128
21/10/2009 | 640 Посещения | Печать
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13.
Certain Characteristics of Nickel-Containing and Copper-Containing OxidePhosphate Layers on Titanium V. S. Rudneva, M. S. Vasil’evab, A. Yu. Ustinova, and P. M. Nedozorova a Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia b Institute of Chemistry and Applied Ecology, Far East State University, ul. Sukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690095 Russia e-mail:
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Received January 28, 2008 Abstract — The oxide–phosphate layers on titanium are formed by plasma–electrolytic oxidation in aqueous electrolytes with polyphosphate complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II). The obtained coatings are investigated by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray spectral analysis. A nonuniform distribution of elements over the thickness of coatings is established; they are characterized by an insignificant titanium content on the surface, concentrated copper in the surface layer, and the presence of carbon. It is shown that the obtained compositions film/Ti manifest a certain catalytic activity in the oxidation of CO to CO2. PACS numbers: 82.45.Cc DOI: 10.1134/S207020510905013X
21/10/2009 | 548 Посещения | Печать
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14.
Catalytic Properties of Ni-, Cu-Containing Oxide Film/Aluminum Alloy Composition I. V. Lukiyanchuk, L. M. Tyrina, and V. S. Rudnev Chemistry Institute, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia e-mail:
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Received on March 06, 2008 Abstract — Copper and nickel oxide compounds containing layers were formed using the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique on aluminum and its alloys. It was studied how the aluminum alloy compound impacted on the Ni-, Cu-containing oxide film/aluminum alloy combinations catalytic activity in a CO oxidation reaction. PACS numbers: 82.45.Cc DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050141
21/10/2009 | 656 Посещения | Печать
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15.
Magnetoelectrical Effect in Layered Composites PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 S. A. Gridnev, Yu. E. Kalinin, A. V. Kalgin, and E. S. Grigor’ev Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, 394026 Russia e-mail:
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Received Abstract — The magnetoelectric (ME) effect in two- and three-layered composites made up of polarized ceramic plates of lead zirconate-titanate PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 (PZT) and manganese-zinc ferrite Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 (MZF) has been studied. Dependences of the transverse ME voltage coefficient (31) on the magnetostrictive layer thickness and the magnetic field intensity and frequency have been established. The mechanical coupling coefficient of the composite plates has been estimated. Results obtained for two-layered PZT–MZF structures have been analyzed using the method of efficient medium parameters. PACS numbers: 77.84.Lf, 75.80.tq DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050153
21/10/2009 | 631 Посещения | Печать
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16.
CobaltMolybdenumPhosphorus Alloys: Electroplating and Corrosion Properties V. Kublanovskya, O. Bersirovaa, Yu. Yapontsevaa, H. Cesiulisb, and E. Podlaha-Murphyc a Vernadskii Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Palladin 32/34, Kiev-142, 03680, Ukraine b Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, Vilnius, LT-03325 Lithuania c Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 021156 United States e-mail:
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Received June 25, 2008 Abstract — The relation between the composition, morphology, and corrosion resistance of the electrolytic oMoP coatings plated at various current densities from citrate baths containing ammonia or hydrazine and various amounts of sodium hypophosphite is studied. Phosphorus was included in the coatings as a result of the electrochemical reduction of hypophosphite ions. Ternary Co–Mo–P alloys containing up to 26 at % Mo and p to 3 at % P were electroplated. Coatings of the highest quality were obtained from a bath containing hydrazine admixture at a temperature of 50°C. Corrosion resistance of CoMoP coatings increases with an increase in the Mo content and a certain decrease in the phosphorus amount in the deposit. The best protective properties were demonstrated by coatings obtained at higher concentrations of sodium hypophosphite and high deposition current densities when CoMoP alloys containing 23 2 at % Mo and up to 1.5 at % P were formed. PACS numbers: 82.45.Qr DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050165
21/10/2009 | 603 Посещения | Печать
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17.
Contact Corrosion of Metals in Aqueous and Aqueous Organic Environments: III. Corrosion of Metals Aqueous Glycol Solutions with High Water Contents V. N. Esenin and L. I. Denisovich Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia e-mail:
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Received November 2, 2006 Abstract — The corrosion behavior of aluminum, steel, and cast iron as either individual metal specimens or as parts of contact aluminum–steel, aluminum–cast iron, steel–cast iron, and aluminum–steel–cast iron systems in aqueous glycol solutions containing 5–50 vol % water is studied. In all systems, aluminum is found to act as a cathode with respect to steel and cast iron and, in contrast to them, is not corroded under the effect of electrolytes. With an increase in the water content in the ethylene glycol solution from 70 to 95%, the corrosion behavior of the metals becomes similar to that in water. PACS numbers: 82.45.Bb DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050177
21/10/2009 | 650 Посещения | Печать
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18.
Features of Wetting with Water of Anodic PlasmaElectrochemical Coatings on Aluminum and Titanium V. S. Rudnev, A. E. Lysenko, and A. Yu. Ustinov Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia e-mail:
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Received February 4, 2008 Abstract — Wetting with distilled water of coatings formed in orthophosphate–borate aqueous electrolyte is investigated. For an aluminum alloy, the wetting angle of freshly prepared films with water is ~20°. After annealing in air at temperatures higher than 300°C, the films become hydrophilic and water spreads over their surface. With time of storage in air and after sequential operations of wetting in water–drying in air, the wetting angle increases, reaching the values of ~70–80°. The composition of the film bulk (X-ray spectral analysis) and surface (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) during their wetting and limited wetting with water is presented. The possible causes of the observed phenomena are discussed. PACS numbers: 82.45.Cc DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050189
21/10/2009 | 604 Посещения | Печать
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19.
Drying of Liquidized Products of Pyrolysis on Composite Sorbent CaCl2/Al2O3: Statics, Dynamics, and Modeling E. A. Buluchevskii, A. V. Lavrenov, and V. K. Duplyakin Institute of the Contemporary State of Hydrocarbon Processing, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences e-mail:
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Received June 5, 2008 Abstract — Our investigation on the equilibrium of water sorption by composite sorbent CaCl2/Al2O3 in a model system based on benzene and its use for the dynamic drying of liquidized products of pyrolysis is reported. To describe the dynamics of drying, a mathematical model has been developed that has been used to estimate the operating parameters of an industrial drying plant for liquidized products of pyrolysis. PACS numbers: 64.43.-h DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050190
21/10/2009 | 588 Посещения | Печать
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20.
Prediction of Time to Failure in Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304 Stainless Steel in Aqueous Chloride Solution by Artificial Neural Network1 S. A. Lajevardia, T. Shahrabia, V. Baigia, and A. Shafiei Mb a Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran e-mail:
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Received June 09, 2008 Abstract — Despite the numerous researches in Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) risk of austenitic stainless steels in aqueous chloride solution, no formulation or reliable method for prediction of time to failure as a result of SCC has yet been defined. In this paper, the capability of artificial neural network for estimation of the time to failure for SCC of 304 stainless steel in aqueous chloride solution together with sensitivity analysis has been expressed. The output results showed that artificial neural network can predict the time to failure for about 74% of the variance of SCC experimental data. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis also demonstrated the effects of input parameters (Temperature, Applied stress and Cr concentration) on SCC of 304 stainless steel in aqueous chloride solutions. PACS numbers: 84.35.+i, 61.20.Mk DOI: 10.1134/S2070205109050207
21/10/2009 | 634 Посещения | Печать
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