Physicochemical Dynamics of Structured Nanodisperse Systems and Nanodisperses Composite Materials: Part I

N. B. Uriev

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 117071 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received March 13, 2008

Abstract — The paper is devoted an important direction in a new sphere of the physicochemistry of disperse systems and surface phenomena that has been developed over recent years, as well as mostly to a new subdiscipline of physic-ochemical dynamics and the physicochemical dynamics of nanodispersed systems and materials.

Concept of Reversible Cleavage in Surface Tension of Solids¹

V. A. Marichev

Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it , This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received June 4, 2009

Abstract — “Wholly plastic (as in cleavage)" surface area changing is the widely accepted concept formally allowing the application of Gibbs thermodynamics to surface tension of solids considered as a reversible process of partly plastic and partly elastic deformation as recommended by the IUPAC. However, this concept contains some internal contradictions that are serious enough to raise doubts about its correctness and, conseuently in validity of the thermodynamic analysis of surface tension of solid electrodes based on this concept.  This analysis leads to the generalized Lippmann equation and eventually approves using the classical Lippman equation for solids. The latter is shown to be erroneous since it is based on the misleading concept of “reversible cleavage” and contradicts all available in situ experimental data.

Fluctuation Formation Model and Operation Mechanism of an Inhibiting Layer on Metals. I. Origination of an Inhibitor Boundary Layer

Yu. A. Popov and N. A. Koval’chukov

Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia
Russian Peoples Friendship University, ul. Mikluho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198 Russia
e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received January 21, 2009

Abstract — A mechanism of the origination of electrolyte solution fluctuations on S surface of the anodically dissolved metal is discussed. Heterogeneous formation kinetics of a two-component inhibitor nucleus in a strong field of  the electric double layer within fluctuation is considered.

Effect of Orientation of Crystal Face of Silver and its Alloying with Gold on Properties of Thin Anodic Ag(I) Oxide Films: II. Photopotential

D. A. Kudryashov, S. N. Grushevskaya, O. Olalekan, N. V. Kukhareva, and A. V. Vvedenskii

Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received September 5, 2008

Abstract — The current efficiency of the formation of anodic oxide on polycrystalline silver is shown to decrease with an increase in the concentration of KOH solutions, while the rate-limiting stage remains the solid-phase mass transfer. Photopotential in nano-size Ag(I) oxide films anodically formed on polycrystalline silver is independent of the OH^–  ion concentration, which means that a photoresponse is generated in the bulk oxide. The n-type conductivity of oxide films on silver, Ag–Au alloys, and low-index silver crystal faces, which was determined previously when measuring photocurrent, is confirmed. Replacing polycrystalline silver with its monocrystals results in a substantial decrease in  the photopotential amplitude due to the decrease in the deviation from a stoichiometric composition. The electron mobility and the partial electronic photoconductivity in the anodic Ag(I) oxide depend on the orientatinon of the crystal face in silver and the gold content. At E = 0.56 V, a series of changes in these characteristics correlates to the changes in other structure-dependent parameters of Ag₂O oxide (the optical absorption coefficient , the concentration of donor defects N_D, the width of the spatial charge region W, and the Debye screening lengthL_D).

Effect of Atomic Hydrogen on the Anodic Dissolution of Iron in a Weakly Acidic Sulfate Electrolyte

A. I. Marshakov, M. A. Maleeva, A. A. Rybkina, and V. V. Elkin

Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received February 16, 2009

Abstract — Using a membrane electrode, atomic hydrogen is shown to decelerate the dissolution of iron in sulfate and sulfate–citrate electrolytes (pH 5.5) in a potential range of the active metal dissolution and accelerates the process at the prepassivation potentials. Impedance spectra of iron at a controlled degree of surface coverage with hydrogen atoms are recorded. Rate constants of elementary stages of the anodic process are calculated and the reaction scheme  of the iron dissolution in sulfate environments is made more accurate.

Study of Sorption Processes of Cu(II) Ions on Carbon Adsorbents

N. Yu. Moskaeva, V. I. Dudarev, T. Yu. Afonina, and Yu. S. Syrykh

Irkutsk State Technical University, ul. Lermontova 83, Irkutsk, 664074, Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received June 5, 2008

Abstract — Processes of the sorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions on carbon adsorbents synthesized based on carbonized polymeric materials are investigated. Adsorption isotherms are obtained under static conditions in various temperature modes. The maximal adsorption is observed in a weak acid medium. The isotherm is described satisfactorily by the Freindlich equation at low concentrations of copper. The decrease in the value of adsorption as the temperature increases indicates that the process is exothermic. The kinetics of the process is investigated and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption are determined.

Properties of Nonpolar Fluids inside a Carbon Nanotube

S. Sh. Rekhviashvili and E. V. Kishtikova

Kabardino-Balkar State University, Nalchik, 360004 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received July 14, 2009

Abstract — A simple criterion for the capillary filling of a nanotube with a nonpolar fluid is formulated; The efficient surface tension of the nanotube frame is estimated (~0.05 N/m). The dynamics of the fluid inside the nanotube is studied. The potential of the atom interaction with nanotube walls is found in a continuous approximation. The conclusion on the boundary slipping of fluid near hydrophobic nanotube walls is made, which explains the experimentally observed superfast flow. Using the Gibbs equation, we derive and solve the differential equation for the dimensional dependence of the interfacial tension of a fluid inside a nanotube under equilibrium conditions. It is shown that a reduction in the nanotube radius leads to a decrease in the interfacial tension.

Features of Adsorption of Globular Proteins by Nanoporous
Silica

N. A. El’tekova and A. Yu. Eltekov

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 117071 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received May 6, 2009

Abstract — The adsorption of globular protein macromolecules, bovine serum albumin, and gamma globulin from aqueous solutions at 293 K by nanoporous silica sorbents is investigated. The dependences of the maximum value of adsorption of albumin and gamma globulin from aqueous solutions on the size of nanopores of silica sorbent are obtained. Based on this dependence, the sizes of macromolecular protein structures formed during the adsorption process are determined. A method for evaluating the thickness of adsorbed layers of protein macromolecules on silica surface is proposed. The behavior features of globular proteins in silica nanopores are discussed.

Adsorption of Stilbenoids on Silica

K. E. Polunin, P. N. Kolotilov, V. M. Voitova, A. V. Larin, and I. A. Polunina

Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
31 Leninskii pr., Moscow, 119991 Russia

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received June 02, 2009

Abstract — TLC, HPLC, and statistical methods are used to study the adsorption of stilbenoids from organic solvents on SiO₂ in a wide range of concentrations. The dependence of adsorption of trans-stilbene hydroxy and methoxy derivatives on the nature of functional groups, their amount and position in the molecular structure, and also on the concentration and proton–acceptor properties of the polar component of the binary organic solvent is found. It is shown that experimental isotherms of stilbenoid adsorption on aerosil from the mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate are well approximated by the Freundlich equation. The adsorption of stilbenoids and phenols on SiO₂ is compared. It is found that adsorption properties of phenols and hydroxystilbenes with a similar number of OH groups are practically similar.

Effect of the Nature and Position of Substituents on the Protective Properties of [1,3]Thiazino[3,2-a]benzimidazol-4-ones¹

V. N. Chelyabieva^a, O. I. Sizaya^a, S. V. Gatsenko^a, O. L. Gumenyuk^a,
A. N. Esipenko^b, and V. N. Britsun^b

^aChernigov State Technological University, ul. Shevchenko 95, Chernigov, 14027 Ukraine

^bInstitute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanskaya ul. 5, Kiev, 02660 Ukraine

e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it

Received December 26, 2007

Abstract — Effect of the nature and position of substituents in [1,3]thiazino[3,2-a]benzimidazol-4-ones on their efficiency as corrosion inhibitors for steel 20 (HCl, pH 0) was studied.