The Aftereffect of Cyclic Loading on the Corrosion of Aluminum-Based Alloys

V. Yu. Vasil’ev^a, V. S. Shapkin^b, N. V. Barulenkova^a, M. V. Antonova^b, and E. N. Antonova^a

^a Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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^b State Research Institute of Civil Aviation, Moscow, Russia

Received June 25, 2005

Abstract — Effects of bench loading and stresses on the corrosion resistance of 16 alloy are studied. Complicated effect of the stress intensity and the cyclic loading on the surface morphology and pit concentration is demonstrated. Harmonic character of the loading dependence of the change of corrosion resistance is due to segregation effects.

On Inhibition of Hydrogen-Sulfide Corrosion of Steels with Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Yu. I. Kuznetsov, L. V. Frolova, and E. V. Tomina

Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

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Received August 7, 2005

Abstract — The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of carbon steels in standard 0.5% chloride electrolytes acidified with CH₃COOH and saturated with H₂S was studied. The possibility of protecting steels with quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) obtained by reactions of secondary and tertiary amines with benzyl chloride was investigated. It was found that the protective properties of QASs depend on their chemical structures and can be expressed, to a first approximation, in terms of the Linear Gibbs Energy Relation with the use of the hydrophobic f constants and Taft *-constants of the substituents. The presence of hydrophobic and electron-accepting substituents was found to enhance the protective properties of the inhibitors.

A New Theoretical Approach to the Thermodynamic Calculation of High-Temperature Oxidation of NiCr Alloys

Yu. Ya. Andreev and A. A. Shumkin

Moscow State Institute of Steel and Alloys, Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 117936 Russia

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Received April 12, 2005

Abstract — In calculations, not only the Gibbs formation energy of nickel and chromium oxides and thermodynamic activities of the alloy components, but also the Gibbs surface energy of a Ni–Cr alloy is taken into account. The method is based on the adsorption model of the alloy oxidation, according to which the adsorption of an alloy component with the smaller surface energy, namely, nickel, at the alloy–oxide film interface bound-ary shifts the dynamic equilibrium between the alloy and oxide-film components toward the formation of NiO. For the oxidation of Ni–Cr alloys, which are solid solutions with an fcc lattice, at 1123 to 1473 K, concentration boundaries of the chromium content in the alloy are calculated for the case of the prevailing formation of Cr₂O₃ oxide, which determines the high heat resistance of Ni–Cr alloys.

Tunnel Scanning Microscopy and Spectroscopy in Studying FeCr Stainless Steels¹

E. V. Trofimova, E. V. Kasatkin, and I. I. Reformatskaya

Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia

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Received June 28, 2005

Abstract — Scanning tunnel microscopy (STM) and scanning tunnel spectroscopy (STS) are used in studying highly pure iron and chromium and Fe–x%Cr (2.4 x 60 wt %) alloys at the air boundary, as well as some of the alloys in 0.01 N H₂SO₄ . The obtained probability coefficients () of the electron tunnel transfer from a specimen to the needle and the slopes () of the logarithmic U_t/I_t) dependences as functions of the chromium content in Fe–Cr alloys confirm the critical compositions of the alloys containing ~6.5 and 10–13% chro-mium, which is in accord with the results of the steady-state and transient electrochemical measurements. A correlation between these critical compositions of the alloys and sharp changes in the histograms of and values is observed. Pronounced extreme properties of the Fe–25.2% Cr alloy surface, which corresponds to the inclusion of Cr atoms in tetrahedral voids of the alloy crystal lattice, are noticed.

Soil Corrosion of Differential Aeration Cells and Conditions of Their Operation

N. N. Glazov, S. M. Ukhlovtsev, I. I. Reformatskaya, A. N. Podobaev, and I. I. Ashcheulova

FGUP GNTs RF Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry,
ul. Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia

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Received March 18, 2005

Abstract — Potentials stabilized at the anode and cathode of a differential aeration cell (DAC) under free corrosion conditions, electric contact, and cathodic polarization are analyzed. It is shown that the soil conductivity limits the possibility of cathodic protection. The shallow pit formation at the cathode and pitting at the anode are the main corrosion types in the half-cells. The rate of development of local corrosion centers on the surfaces of both half-cells is virtually independent of the conditions of DAC operation.

Chemical Modification of the Surface of a Carbonyl Iron Powder

S. G. Belyavskii^a, P. G. Mingalyov^a, F. Giulieri^b, R. Combarrieau^b, and G. V. Lisichkin^a

^a Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119992 Russia

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^b University of Nice, Nice, France

Received December 21, 2004

Effect of Cyclic Benzo-12-Crown-4 Polyether on Copper Electrodeposition from Sulfate Aqueous Ethanol Baths

V. V. Kuznetsov, L. M. Skibina, and S. V. Geshel’

Rostov State University, ul. Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia

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Received February 15, 2005

Abstract — It is found that the effectiveness of crown ether (with benzo-12-crown-4 as an example) is a function of the composition of the water–ethanol solvent and the bulk and surface concentration of sulfate anions. An increase in the adsorbability of sulfate anions at Cu in the presence of the crown ether ('-effect) enhances its inhibitive effect on copper electrodeposition. The electrode reaction is best inhibited, and electroplates with enhanced tribotechnical characteristics are obtained, in the zone of ethanol structure stabilization, in which the adsorption of anions by copper is the highest because of the “desalting” effect.

Peculiarities of Electrochemical Behavior of Copper in Alkaline Solutions in the Presence of Alanine

E. V. Nikitchenko^a, S. A. Kaluzhina^a, and N. P. Andreeva^b

^aVoronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia

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^bFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia

Received February 28, 2005

Abstract — Anodic oxidation of copper in alkaline solution in the presence of alanine is studied by electrochemical and ellipsometric methods. Thickness of films formed on the metal in the working solutions, are determined. Small additives of -alanine (10^–4–10^–3 mol/l) cause additional stabilization of copper passivity due to an increase in the film thickness. The adsorption kinetics of - and -alanine is studied. It is shown experimentally that -alanine adsorbs on copper according to the Frumkin isotherm. By contrast, no definite type isotherm can be obtained for -alanine due to its higher activity and ability to form soluble complexes with copper ions.

Certain Characteristics of Zirconium-Containing Anodic Films on Aluminum

K. N. Kilin, V. S. Rudnev, P. M. Nedozorov, and T. P. Yarovaya

Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia

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Received May 20, 2005

Abstract — Some data on zirconium-containing layers plasma-electrochemically (P-E) applied to A7 aluminum alloy (obtained by using x-ray spectral and diffraction analyses, electron microscopy, as well as measuring their thickness and visible light reflection) are discussed. The properties of the P-E applied structures formed under power-drop conditions are studied as functions of the potassium hexafluorozirconate bath temperature (20–70°C) and initial voltage (300–500 V).

Comparison Analysis of Formation and Some Characteristics of Microplasma Coatings on Aluminum and Titanium Alloys

O. P. Terleeva^a, V. I. Belevantsev^a, A. I. Slonova^a, D. L. Boguta^b, and V. S. Rudnev^b

^a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia

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^b Institute of Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia

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Received November 23, 2004